The purpose of the Needs Assessment was to assess the current and desired level of orthodontic service provision and to identify key issues that are affecting the orthodontic service provision in Scotland. This was conducted against the background of the introduction of the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need (IOTN) in October 2011 to qualify for NHS Orthodontic treatment and the changing demand for, and cost of orthodontic care. The recommendations within this Needs Assessment Report are aimed at reducing dental health inequalities.